9 California counties have a population of more than one million residents. The largest county for population is Los Angeles with over 10 million residents. #2 is San Diego, barely beating out #3 Orange County. #4 is Riverside, #5 is San Bernardino.
Counties over 1 million from largest population to smallest include Santa Clara, Alameda, Sacramento and Contra Costa.
| Population | Population | % Change | |
| 1/1/2009 | 1/1/2010 | ||
| State | 38,255,508 | 38,648,090 | 1.0 |
| California County | |||
| Alameda | 1,557,749 | 1,574,857 | 1.1 |
| Alpine | 1,198 | 1,189 | -0.8 |
| Amador | 37,911 | 38,022 | 0.3 |
| Butte | 220,673 | 221,768 | 0.5 |
| Calaveras | 45,961 | 45,870 | -0.2 |
| Colusa | 21,955 | 22,206 | 1.1 |
| Contra Costa | 1,061,325 | 1,073,055 | 1.1 |
| Del Norte | 29,469 | 29,673 | 0.7 |
| El Dorado | 180,713 | 182,019 | 0.7 |
| Fresno | 941,006 | 953,761 | 1.4 |
| Glenn | 29,212 | 29,434 | 0.8 |
| Humboldt | 132,713 | 133,400 | 0.5 |
| Imperial | 179,428 | 183,029 | 2.0 |
| Inyo | 18,103 | 18,110 | 0.0 |
| Kern | 827,475 | 839,587 | 1.5 |
| Kings | 154,440 | 156,289 | 1.2 |
| Lake | 64,075 | 64,053 | 0.0 |
| Lassen | 35,569 | 35,889 | 0.9 |
| Los Angeles | 10,355,053 | 10,441,080 | 0.8 |
| Madera | 152,104 | 153,655 | 1.0 |
| Marin | 258,602 | 260,651 | 0.8 |
| Mariposa | 18,248 | 18,192 | -0.3 |
| Mendocino | 89,938 | 90,289 | 0.4 |
| Merced | 255,591 | 258,495 | 1.1 |
| Modoc | 9,685 | 9,777 | 0.9 |
| Mono | 13,577 | 13,617 | 0.3 |
| Monterey | 431,041 | 435,878 | 1.1 |
| Napa | 137,723 | 138,917 | 0.9 |
| Nevada | 98,649 | 98,680 | 0.0 |
| Orange | 3,134,858 | 3,166,461 | 1.0 |
| Placer | 341,304 | 347,102 | 1.7 |
| Plumas | 20,602 | 20,428 | -0.8 |
| Riverside | 2,109,882 | 2,139,535 | 1.4 |
| Sacramento | 1,432,168 | 1,445,327 | 0.9 |
| San Benito | 57,920 | 58,388 | 0.8 |
| San Bernardino | 2,057,271 | 2,073,149 | 0.8 |
| San Diego | 3,185,462 | 3,224,432 | 1.2 |
| San Francisco | 846,610 | 856,095 | 1.1 |
| San Joaquin | 687,854 | 694,293 | 0.9 |
| San Luis Obispo | 270,901 | 273,231 | 0.9 |
| San Mateo | 745,654 | 754,285 | 1.2 |
| Santa Barbara | 430,333 | 434,481 | 1.0 |
| Santa Clara | 1,857,516 | 1,880,876 | 1.3 |
| Santa Cruz | 268,795 | 272,201 | 1.3 |
| Shasta | 183,095 | 184,247 | 0.6 |
| Sierra | 3,320 | 3,303 | -0.5 |
| Siskiyou | 45,903 | 46,010 | 0.2 |
| Solano | 425,740 | 427,837 | 0.5 |
| Sonoma | 487,259 | 493,285 | 1.2 |
| Stanislaus | 525,090 | 530,584 | 1.0 |
| Sutter | 96,555 | 99,154 | 2.7 |
| Tehama | 62,609 | 63,100 | 0.8 |
| Trinity | 13,850 | 13,898 | 0.3 |
| Tulare | 440,780 | 447,814 | 1.6 |
| Tuolumne | 56,089 | 56,086 | 0.0 |
| Ventura | 835,298 | 844,713 | 1.1 |
| Yolo | 200,931 | 202,953 | 1.0 |
| Yuba | 72,673 | 73,380 | 1.0 |